Abdalla, who is finishing his PhD at the University of Toronto, has coauthored a paper highlighting the number of top AI researchers—including those who study the ethical challenges raised by the technology—who receive funding from tech companies.

That’s different from “presymptomatic” cases, in which people without symptoms test positive but later go on to show signs of illness.“There’s a lot of jargon out there and it’s even confusing to scientists,” says Ashleigh Tuite, an epidemiologist at the University of Toronto.

Sargent’s team discovered new ingredients for making ethylene by using new AI and supercomputer-driven techniques that have been gaining popularity among materials scientists in the past decade.Ted Sargent uses electrical setups like these to chemically upgrade carbon dioxide into useful materials at the University of Toronto.

According to the most popular modern Bayesian account, the brain is an “inference engine” that seeks to minimize “prediction error.”In 2001, Hinton left London for the University of Toronto, where he became one of the most important figures in artificial intelligence, laying the groundwork8 for much of today’s research in deep learning.8 In 2012, Hinton won the ImageNet Challenge, a competition to identify objects in a 15-million-image database built by Fei-Fei Li. ImageNet helped propel neural networks—and Hinton—to the forefront of AI.Before Hinton left, however, Friston visited his friend at the Gatsby one last time.