“What we’ve found is cover crops is a pretty easy way… and a cool practice that can help improve our 4Rs. They really contribute,” says Lisa Kubik, a farmer and the former Iowa Field Manager for the Soil Health Partnership, a farmer-led initiative of the National Corn Growers Association, that worked with farmers from 2014 to 2021 to study the economic and environmental benefits of soil health practices.

“It's a complex mixture of chemistry, biology, and physics,” says Scripps oceanographer Grant Deane, co-principal investigator of Soars.Up until now, scientists could run complex computer climate models to estimate, say, how increasing CO2 levels might change the chemistry of surface waters.

WIRED: You gave a research talk about building new kinds of computers to power machine learning.W: Mustafa Suleyman, a cofounder of DeepMind, the London AI startup that’s part of Alphabet and a major player in machine learning research, recently moved over to Google.

“New machine learning capabilities or research results might enable us to do new things that Google doesn't now,” says Dean.

Dr Sam Dean, NIWA's chief scientist of climate, says while farmers are known for their resilience and ability to adapt to changing conditions, climate change will almost certainly go beyond any previous experience.